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ANNE and STEVE go to a Wildlife Park
ANNE and STEVE are buying tickets. STEVE pays for the tickets and gives
her one.
STEVE
Two, please. And a bag of food.
SHOP ASSISTANT
There are your tickets. Have a nice day
ANNE
How much do I owe you?
STEVE
That’s okay. It’s my treat.
ANNE
Thankyou. I’ll buy lunch. Is there somewhere to have lunch?
STEVE
Of course. There’s a café just over there. What do you want to do first?
ANNE
I really want to hold a koala. Is there a koala here?
STEVE
Yes! It’s the most popular animal! We might have to queue though.
ANNE
I don’t mind. What else is there? Are there some kangaroos?
STEVE
Of course. There are lots.
ANNE
And birds? I’ve heard Australian birds are amazing.
STEVE
Don’t worry. You’ll get to see lots of birds.
ANNE
What shall we do first?
STEVE
Well, the kangaroos are just over there. And I think the birds are next, and
next…
ANNE
…we’ll cuddle a koala!
STEVE
Sure! And after that?
ANNE
After that, I’ll buy you lunch.
STEVE
It’s a deal!
They head off into the park.
-------------- 1. THE & A
We call the words a and the
articles.
We use a and the before
nouns.
Here is the car.
Here is a car.
We use them before adjectives and nouns.
Here is the blue car.
Here is a blue car.
THE
We use the if there is more than one thing.
Look at the cars.
STEVE
Well, the kangaroos are just over
there.
We say the car if we know something about it:
Here is the car we saw before.
We use the for definite things. Some things are
always definite.
the Sydney Opera House
the Yangtze River
We use the when there is only one of something.
She is the boss.
A
We can only use a for singular things.
Here is a car.
STEVE
Two, please. And a bag of food.
We use a for something that is not definite.
Here’s a car I haven’t seen before.
ANNE
I really want to hold a koala. Is
there a koala here?
We use a for one thing out of a number of things.
There’s a red car over there.
(but there are other red cars in the world)
STEVE
There’s a café just over there.
We use a when saying general things about
something.
He is a man
My cat is a Siamese.
2. A & AN
We use an
instead of a before words that start with a vowel
sound.
These are the short vowel sounds.
a
an apple
e
an egg
i
an igloo
o
an ostrich
u
an umbrella
These are the long vowel sounds.
A
an alien
E
an eagle
I
an island
O
an opal
U is a consonant sound.
a university
a European
And note:
an apple
But
a red apple
We pronounce a with a long vowel sound when we want to
emphasise something.
This is a fantastic website.
pronouncing 'the'
We pronounce it 'thee'
with words that start with a vowel sound.
a
the ant
A
the apricots
e
the eggs
E
the eagle
i
the issue
I
the ice-cream
O
the open door
o
the otters
u
the ugly truth
We pronounce it 'the'
with words that start with a consonant sound.
the university
the government
the police
the TV
the show
We sometimes use the ‘thee’ pronunciation for emphasis.
This is the best steak I’ve ever
had.
3. IS THERE / ARE THERE
We say
are or is before
there in questions.
We use is there for asking about single
things.
Is there an elephant?
Is there enough food?
ANNE
Is there somewhere to have lunch?
We use are there for asking about more
then one thing.
Are there tigers here?
Are there enough cars to take us all?
ANNE
Are there some kangaroos?
4. SEQUENCE WORDS
These are some words
we use for the order in which we do things.
We start with first.
And then we can use words such as
next
then
after
followed by
We finish with finally.
 Here’s
how to make a sandwich.
First, get two slices of
bread and spread butter on them. Then add a piece of lettuce,
followed by a slice of cheese. After that you
close the sandwich. Finally, you eat it.
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